Geography/climate/politics..... I was looking at a map the other day and noticed that Anchorage is about 61 degrees north, and, of course has a considerable population. Several other cities are located well north of Anchorage, including Fairbanks at 64 degrees north, Nordvik, Norway at 66 degrees north, and Dikson, Russia at 73 degrees north.
But at the southern end of the globe, neither Elephant Island, at 61 degrees south, nor any part of Antartica, which extends north to at least 62 degrees south, has any permanent human settlements.
Why is the planet so much more inhabitable toward the north pole than the same distance toward the south pole?